|
The first radio transmission consisting of Morse Code (or wireless telegraphy) was made from a temporary station set up by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895. This followed on from pioneering work in the field by a number of people including Alessandro Volta, André-Marie Ampère, Georg Ohm, James Clerk Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz.〔Mimi Colligan, ''Golden Days of Radio'', Australia Post, 1991〕〔''Australian Radio History'', Bruce Carty, Sydney, 2011〕〔''When Radio was the Cat's Whiskers'', Bernard Harte, Dural NSW, 2002 – https://books.google.com.au/books?id=W6LGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=radio+2XT+mobile&source=bl&ots=EzZQ5ccacO&sig=t1XTPG8Ds3FJVXO0Z8swGAIsBmA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=s9joVJLpC4Tk8AWRqIKQAw&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=radio%202XT%20mobile&f=false〕 The broadcasting of music and talk via radio started experimentally around 1905-1906, and commercially in 1920-21. (However, in the United Kingdom, Hungary, France and some other places, from as early as 1890 there was already a system whereby news, music, live theatre, music hall, fiction readings, religious broadcasts, etc., were available in private homes (other places ) via the conventional telephone line, with subscribers being supplied with a number of special, personalised headsets. In Britain this system was known as Electrophone, and was available as early as 1895 or 1899 (vary ) and up until 1926.〔 In Hungary, it was called Telefon Hírmondó (), and in France, Théâtrophone ()). The Wikipedia Telefon Hírmondó page includes a 1907 program guide which looks remarkably similar to the types of schedules used by many broadcasting stations some 20 or 30 years later. In the early days, radio stations broadcast on the long wave, medium wave and short wave bands, and later on VHF (very high frequency) and UHF (ultra high frequency). By the 1950s, virtually every country had a broadcasting system, typically one owned and operated by the government. Alternative modes included commercial radio, as in the United States; or a dual system with both state sponsored and commercial stations, introduced in Australia as early as 1924, with Canada following in 1932. Today, most countries have evolved into a dual system, including the UK. By 1955, practically every family in North America and Western Europe, as well as Japan, had a radio. A dramatic change came in the 1960s with the introduction of small inexpensive portable transistor radio, the greatly expanded ownership and usage. Access became practically universal across the world. Over the last 90 years or so, broadcasting has seen many improvements, refinements and challenges; these include (but are not confined to): * international broadcasts, particularly confined to the short wave band; * better technology which saw radios becoming cheaper, and in almost every home, as well as in cars and portable sets; * the introduction of FM broadcasting and its effect on AM stations; * the challenge of television, which meant that radio broadcasters later concentrated on music of varying types, news, sport and discussion programs; * the invention of the transistor, meaning even greater portability and even cheaper sets; * digital radio; * internet radio. == Early Broadcasting around the World == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of broadcasting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|